The Color Purple Character Analysis - 1362 Words

â€Å"The Transformation of Celie in The Color Purple† The 1900’s – a time when blacks were segregated from whites and women were seen as inferior to men. Alice Walkers character Celie, from The Color Purple, was ugly and terrified as a young girl. Though many trials and tribulations, she would become strong and independent. In addition, Celie built up a resistance to the hurt and suffering that she painfully endured from her stepfather and husband. She eventually allowed herself to not take simple things for granted therefore recognize the beauty of everyday life. In her final years, Celie is portrayed in a blissful state and displays her independence as a mature woman. Alice Walker’s use of the first-person point of view, tone, and†¦show more content†¦Celie also values her sister Nettie greatly and protects her when it comes to their step-father, Alphonso raping the girls. Celie says â€Å"I ast him to take me instead of Nettie while our new mammy was sick.† the casual tone of the preceding line ad ds to Celies lack of self-worth; she is so used to being raped by Alphonso that it no longer makes any difference to her. As Celie transitions to the Mister’s household, she is still treated with disrespect by the Mister himself and even one of his sons. In a letter to God, she writes â€Å"I spent most of my wedding day running from the oldest boy†¦ He picks up a rock and laid my head open.† Celie grows older in this household and submits to more abuse from her new husband. After many years in Misters household, Shug, one of Misters ex-lovers comes to stay because she is sick. Eventually, Celie has the opportunity to become closer with this woman whom she loves dearly and finally learns how to fight back and make her voice heard. By choosing to have Celie is the narrator for herself, Walker enables her to express herself in a very strong way. Celie discovers that Mister has been hiding every letter from her sister Nettie, and Celie is extremely upset. Instead of not expressing her emotions, like she would have most likely done in the past she cries asks Shug, How Im gon keep from killingShow MoreRelatedThe Color Purple Character Analysis1032 Words   |  5 Pages Abraham Maslow’s pyramid of needs is a five tier breakdown of how a person might reach a point of self-actualization. In The Color Purple a few characters can be seen finding themselves indirectly through the steps of the pyramid Maslow created. One character that exemplifies this proce ss is Nettie. With the help of her older sister Celie, Nettie was able to begin the journey of finding herself. Cecile protects Nettie from her father and allows her to experience a relatively basic idea of freedomRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Celie, the Color Purple Essay2690 Words   |  11 Pagesthat her capacity to love and to be loved is blooming during the scene of her first kiss with Shug. Thrown into young adulthood at the early age of 14, at 21 years old Celie now begins the true process of developing intimacy with an unlikely character for the time. A long lasting friendship and mutual love affair between Celie and Shug has begun, and will later prove to be her saving grace as her confidence, identity, purpose, and will increase. Shug plans to leave in September of 1916, monthsRead MoreEssay on Race and Class in Alice Walkers Color Purple1622 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Race and Class in The Color Purple  Ã‚     Ã‚   An important  Ã‚  juncture in Alice Walkers The Color Purple is reached when Celie first recovers the missing letters from her long-lost sister Nettie. This discovery not only signals the introduction of a new narrator to this epistolary novel but also begins the transformation of Celie from writer to reader. Indeed, the passage in which Celie struggles to puzzle out the markings on her first envelope from Nettie provides a concrete illustration Read MoreThe Color Purple: A Story of Transformation Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagessomething fundamentally different from masculine experience of social encounters? Is there such a thing as underlying feminine character structure which always and everywhere differs from the basic character structure of the male? This paper seeks to analyze the gender struggles within the film and how they are embedded at multiple dimensions of society. The Color Purple is a story of transformation, of the will of one woman against all the men in her life, of the strength faith and friends can giveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Color Purple 1043 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyze the intersectionality of oppression in Alice Walkers novel, The Color Purple. I am going to show how the political categories of race, sexuality and gender play a role throughout. I am also going to discuss Walker’s own term, â€Å"Womanism† and how that plays throughout the story. I will be focusing on the main character Celie, as well as other characters to help me demonstrate my analysis effectively. Celie, the main character, starts out the book writing letters to god, a god of her understandingRead MoreA Quick Looks Shows Childrens Toys are Gender Specific Essay894 Words   |  4 Pagesschool age with a focus on girls toys. Infant toys were the one age group where the genders comingled. My first selection is the Laugh and Learn Love to Play Sis. This plush dog displays dominate colors of pink and purple, has a bow in her hair and is wearing a skirt. Sis has some non specific colors including blue, green, yellow and the dog is brown. This toy is marketed as a toy that can sing and teach the alphabet, numbers and songs. The company is conveying to the consumer this toy will entertainRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1445 Words   |  6 Pages In Alice walker’s â€Å"The Color Purple† she uses foil characters such as Celie and Shug to express the polar opposites that are inevitably found when abuse occurs. Celie represents submission and low self value. Shug on the other hand represents Independence and intolerance. Both characteristics coincide bringing forth friendship and change. In the book â€Å"The Color Purple† the writer Alice Walker illustrates a story of bravery, struggle and oppression. The main character in the book, Celie, is shownRead MoreEssay on Finding Meaning in For Color Girls1232 Words   |  5 Pagessurely recover from such abuse and discover joy in themselves. The movie begins with the characters as strangers but at the end, they become good friends. I watched this movie because it was directed by Tyler Perry. I thought the movie was about women and their struggles to overcome them. Not much of that thinking has changed except now, with critical attitudes like the intrinsic and feminist literary theory analysis, the text has a broader meaning. For colored girls does not mean for black women onlyRead MoreAmayrani Lopez. Mr. Sahr. Honors American Literature. 21199 Words   |  5 PagesAmayrani Lopez Mr. Sahr Honors American Literature 2 March 2017 The Color Purple Background Information Alice Walker, the author, was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She was the youngest daughter of sharecroppers and grew up poor. When Walker was eight years old, she was shot in the right eye with a BB pellet while playing with two of her brothers. After she got shot in the eye, a whitish scar tissue formed, and she became self-conscious of this visible mark. She found solace inRead MoreFilm Analysis : Pixar s Animation1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe film through the use of innovative colors, captivating texts, and visual arrangement. The use of innovate colors is one of the key aspect in marketing the Finding Dory film poster. Many advertisers often struggle with finding an exceptional color scheme that captivates the audience. In a study titled Exciting Red and Competent Blue, researchers found that â€Å"purchasing intent is greatly affected by colors due to their effect on how a brand is perceived; colors influence how customers view the ‘personality’

Difference Between Functional Manager and Project Manager

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FUNCTIONAL MANAGER AND A PROJECT MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER 1. He is in-charge of a firm’s functional depts. Such as marketing, engg., or finance. 2. They are more skilled at analysis. Such heads are specialists in certain areas only. 3. They are analytical in approach (breaking the system into smaller and smaller elements) and they know something abt. the operation for which they are responsible. 4. In case of any difficulty, they know how to analyze and attack it. 5. They are administratively responsible for deciding how something will be done, who is going to do it, and what resources will be devoted to accomplish a task. 6. He is a direct, technical supervisor. 7. He†¦show more content†¦The project may also be stopped because it is unsuccessful. For eg: If a medicine is prepared for a disease but selling at higher rate and in the market there are other medicines at lower rate for same disease then launching of this new medicine may not benefit and this project may be carried on further. 2. Termination by addition: Most projects are inhouse i.e. carried out by project team for the use in parent organization. If a project is a major success it is terminated by the parent organization. For eg: Suppose the Maths dept creates a BSc[IT] course taken as a project. Now if after several years the BSc[IT] course can run on its own, then the Maths dept can terminate this BSc[IT] project which can be considered as a full fledged dept. now. 3. Termination by intefration: This method of terminating a project is most common and it is done when the complexity arises. The property equipment, material, personnel and functions of the project are distributed among existing element of the parent organization. The output of the project becomes the std. part of operating system of the parent or client For eg: The merger of global trust bank with oriental bank is termination by integration. Following points must be considered when the project functions are distributed during integration. a. Personnel: Where wil the project team go? Will it remain a team. B. Manufacturing: Is the trainingShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Of Functional Managers919 Words   |  4 PagesStructures relates to Project Management Functional managers have specialties such as engineering and manufacturing. They are usually selected for their technical expertise and ability to control the day to day operations. Functional Managers are considered cross-functional team and are self-directed to assign to a specific task. This type of management have different responsibilities, but all work to perform the same function of the department. Leadership within functional managers is essential, itRead MoreChapter 10 Review Questions961 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the difference between leading and managing a project? Leading involves recognizing and communicating the need to change course and direction of the project, aligning people to this new direction, and motivating the team to overcome obstacles to achieve the new objectives. Managing is about formulating plans and objectives, designing procedures to achieve those objectives, monitoring progress, and taking corrective action. Managing is about putting out fires and maintaining the courseRead MoreUse Of Mintzberg s Management Roles1356 Words   |  6 Pagesobjectives but also the non-tangible goals and objectives such as completing the project on time and without any overrun. 3.4 Management Roles Based on the research interview, Jacobs is also using Mintzberg’s management roles within 3 categories: †¢ Decisional Roles Both top and middle managers of Jacobs Australia have decisional roles to do. The top management is generally involved on deciding when to initiate new projects or programs and approve significant other organisational decisions. However bothRead MoreProject Management1673 Words   |  7 Pagesare those, which focus on the tangible results of the project. They require specific domain knowledge, tools, and techniques in order to complete the work. An example would be the creation of a software application package. 4. Describe the initiating processes. Give one example of an initiating process to support a particular phase of oil exploration project methodology. The initiating process signals the beginning of the project or phase. It requires an organization to make a commitmentRead MoreThe Principal Reasons Why Management Has Become Such A Popular Business Tool1118 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the principal reasons why project management has become such a popular business tool in recent years. (Objective 1.1) Business has changed greatly in the last 20-30 years. The introduction of global competition has forced businesses to find new ways to gain a competitive advantage, whether it be new or improved products (as product life cycles have shortened), cost reductions (perhaps through a new MIS), or just improving the customer experience. With Project Management, companies have theRead MoreProject Management Written Assignment 1 Essay examples803 Words   |  4 Pages2012-02-MAN-435-OL009: Project Management Written Assignment 1 1. Discuss the principal reasons why project management has become such a popular business tool in recent years. Business has changed in the past 20 or so years. Products are being produced more rapidly and with the introduction of globalization competition has become more abundant. There is a need to become more customer focused but at the same time quicker to market while still reducing cost. Doing business the old way isRead MoreStrategic Design At Dynacorp Corporation1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe challenges, a series of investigations were carried out among not only the employees but also the company competitors. After the thorough inquiries,the serious shortcomings of the organisation structure have been identified. Dynacorp adapted functional structure since it was established. The company has three divisions which are engineering, manufacturing and marketing. The precondition of the company’s development is that each division work closely with one another. Whereas one of serious problemsRead MoreCase Study : Project Human Resources1447 Words   |  6 Pages3 – Project Human Resources: Establishment of different types of organisations is very important to avoid several potential conflicts related with project (Burke, 2013). 3.1 – Appropriate Project Organisational Structure and Participants’ Responsibilities: According to Edwards, P. Bowen, P. (2013) there are different types of project organisational structures which establish different relations between different stakeholders. Following are the best known types of project organisational structure:Read More Organizational Structures Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagespoint of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional Structure In a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines theRead MoreOrganizational Structures820 Words   |  4 Pagespoint of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional Structure In a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines the

“Immigrant” becomes dirtiest word as Americans are told to speak English Free Essays

A recent article from the Independent Newspaper’s correspondent in New York brings to our attention â€Å"the current mood of xenophobia† in the USA. After approximately two centuries of welcoming immigrants from around the world, it would seem that the Americans have begun to mistrust and to some extent, even fear the very people that have historically given them such a dynamic and diverse country, namely, foreign immigrants. There are several reasons for this recent shift in perspective, two of which are, recent terrorist attacks on American servicemen in Saudi Arabia and an explosion on an American airline flight, that foreign terrorists caused some people suspect. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Immigrant† becomes dirtiest word as Americans are told to speak English or any similar topic only for you Order Now Historian, Arthur Schlesinger has spoken on â€Å"the tribalization of American life† and appears to be suggesting that the different ethnic groups in America are arranging themselves into their own groups and not crossing ethnic boundaries. One symptom of this seems to be the gang culture that exists, where each gang is alleged to be made up from members of the same ethnic group. A key factor in this is language, generally people who only speak one language find it difficult to mix with other ethnic groups or cultures, or indeed find it difficult to understand other cultures viewpoint. As a result of all of these difficulties, the government has introduced a bill called â€Å"The English Language Empowerment Act† the main purpose of which is to make English the official language of America. It is perceived by Republicans, that this Act will encourage immigrants to learn English, as it will be difficult, if not impossible for them to understand federal documents that are written in English. The Act has already been criticised for infringing on American’s right to free speech and making it difficult for non-English speaking Americans to receive or even understand information or ideas. It is a safe assumption to make, that if people can’t speak English, then they will be unable to understand written English. This argument would seem to carry a significant amount of weight. People have put forward the argument that this Act is connected with attitudes towards Immigrants. This argument seems to be borne out by the fact that there is nothing in the Act that will help to actually teach people how to speak or read English, rather it seems to punish those who can’t by denying them access to written information. It has also been pointed out by opponents to the Act, that ninety seven percent of Americans speak English already and a very small proportion of government documents (around one percent,) are actually written in a foreign language. Some people looking at these statistics, would argue that there is no need for this Act, unless it were to force people into becoming â€Å"more American† and punishing those who preferred to stick to their own language and culture. This argument seems to be borne out further by another piece of Republican proposed legislation, the welfare reform Bill. One provision of this Bill would be that, immigrants who are in America quite legally, but are not yet citizens, would not be eligible for state welfare benefits, yet another form of â€Å"immigrant bashing† some might say. Hot button as mentioned in the article; a controversial thing of the moment, it is a happening now situation. Enduring canard, a lasting ongoing issue, to accept with a certain amount of tolerance regarding political correctness, in this case a probability that it has come about in the course of sensationalism and cock-and-bull story of this report in America’s newspapers. Polyglot America Speaking, reading and writing many different languages, in this case America. How to cite â€Å"Immigrant† becomes dirtiest word as Americans are told to speak English, Papers

Analysis of Singapore Airlines Ltd - Click to Get Solution

Question: Write an essay on "Singapore Airlines Ltd". Answer: Introduction This assignment mostly represented on critiquing the structure for the financial performance of the Singapore Airlines Ltd, analytical and translation issues. This company offers tailor-made and integrating solutions which provide the business classes or the service classes. This paper shows the financial performance, human resource management and the strategic administration of the Singapore Airlines Ltd. Singapore Airlines that began as the Malayan Airlines in a joint ventured between the governments of the Singapore and the Malaysia (Aydin and Morefield, 2010). Moreover, these two governments are ready to agree to establish two several airlines. The Singapore Airlines Ltd fleet continued to arise remarkable and the excellent ways. Singapore Airlines were the fastest airline globally managing an international commercial flight over the Pacific Ocean. The organization was involving world famous chefs, to improve the flight meals and the culinary panels that are international. Over, a last 20 years Singapore Airlines Limited need to earn a great reputation since a ground-breaking the leader of the market and also provides excellent services to the customers (Baxter, 2010). The primary attention and the care which Singapore Airlines provides to the clients and also mentioned by the Singapore have provided the airline to claim various types of reward. Main Body Strengths and weakness of the Singapore Airlines Ltd Strength The useful strategy mostly used by Singapore Airlines Ltd for the branding was very helpful. The key word is the trust of the passengers. The strategy already proved the quality and the service of the Singapore Airlines Limited the impression which comes to the passengers mind. The branding has been well known already in the mind that provides a good impression of Singapore Airlines Ltd (Chell, 2015). Experience is one of the strengths of Singapore Airlines Ltd because it was known as widely in the services. They also have good management experience and the managers over the service crews (AB311 strategic management, 2011). According to the intense experience that they need to come up with newly concepts to satisfy the customers and give passengers the best services to them. Singapore Airlines Ltd has already received the various types of reward for the customer service. The reputation and image of Singapore Airlines Ltd have represented huge consequences on public around globally an d not in Singapore. The services in front of the customers encouraged them to fly with Singapore Airlines Ltd again. Singapore Airlines Ltd was very fast to fly and also to take in the new fleets that make the customers having flying urge on the new flights. Weakness The costs of Singapore Airlines Ltd tickets are too expensive. But the not more than cloud afford the high rate or the costs since they are to travel with a family. Most of the customers need to pay for a low price and never fly with Singapore Airlines Limited in spite of the low level of the service as because to save the cost. Moreover, the customers are unless traveling alone or also traveling to longer routes (Corrigendum, 2015). That they are needed to pay sufficient amount of money for better services and comfort. However, there present a new procedure; Singapore Airlines Ltd has to spend the highest amount of money to train their staffs or the employee and also to purchase the machines. This will need to restrict them to give out the promotions at a cheap rate (Dodds and Hunt, 2012). Conversely, they need to able to attract the customers and also the regular passengers to continue to fly. Financial Performance of Singapore Airlines Limited Profitability 2006-03 2007-03 2008-03 2009-03 2010-03 2011-03 2012-03 2013-03 2014-03 2015-03 Net Margin % 9.3 14.69 12.83 6.64 1.7 7.52 2.26 2.51 2.36 2.36 Return on Assets % 5.49 8.63 7.81 4.14 0.91 4.64 1.44 1.7 1.6 1.58 Financial Leverage (Average) 1.73 1.72 1.75 1.78 1.67 1.73 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.92 Return on Equity % 9.58 14.9 13.56 7.31 1.58 7.89 2.48 2.91 2.73 2.86 Return on Invested Capital % 9.58 14.9 12.26 6.44 1.53 7.41 2.45 2.57 2.32 2.63 Interest Coverage 14.36 5.14 21.24 7.03 12.29 9.93 The net margin of the company has decreased over the period, return on equity and investment has decreased. Liquidity/Financial Health 2006-03 2007-03 2008-03 2009-03 2010-03 2011-03 2012-03 2013-03 2014-03 2015-03 Current Ratio 1.23 1.57 1.4 1.16 1.45 1.57 1.37 1.35 1.36 1.1 Quick Ratio 0.99 1.34 1.28 1.01 1.33 1.48 1.28 1.27 1.29 1.04 Financial Leverage 1.73 1.72 1.75 1.78 1.67 1.73 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.92 Debt/Equity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.07 The current ratio is above which means that the obligations can be paid by the company. The debt equity and financial leverage is also low. Key Ratios - Efficiency Ratios Efficiency 2006-03 2007-03 2008-03 2009-03 2010-03 2011-03 2012-03 2013-03 2014-03 2015-03 Days Sales Outstanding 41.27 45.47 45.69 40.27 40.69 34.55 33.86 35.46 37.03 35.19 Days Inventory 23.98 19.5 22.79 18.54 13.36 10.88 9.61 8.64 Payables Period 148 134.05 148.61 121.4 110.39 113.93 114.61 114.25 Cash Conversion Cycle -78.34 -74.28 -85.13 -68.31 -63.16 -67.6 -67.97 -70.41 Receivables Turnover 8.84 8.03 7.99 9.06 8.97 10.56 10.78 10.29 9.86 10.37 Inventory Turnover 15.22 18.72 16.02 19.69 27.32 33.56 38 42.25 Fixed Assets Turnover 0.87 0.91 0.97 0.99 0.82 1 1.09 1.14 1.17 1.17 Asset Turnover 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.62 0.54 0.62 0.64 0.68 0.68 0.67 The asset turnover and fixed asset turnover has increased which means that the company is utilizing its assets efficiently. The cash conversion is zero which means that the company is not efficient in converting its assets into cash. HRM of Singapore Airlines Limited Human resource management (HRM) is a management process by which an organization can acquire developing people, attracting people and appointing a right person in the company who can provide the company a quality workforce (Wernersson, 2015). The Human Resource Management process of Singapore Airlines Limited consists of various steps such as recruitment, selection, training and remuneration. These management processes of the Human Resource Department are very important for Singapore Airlines Limited. It reduces the rate of turnover and absenteeism. It also motivates the people in better ways. By the help of the Human Resource Management process, the Singapore Airlines Limited can develop and improve their performance and increase their productivity (Escobari, 2012). Singapore Airlines Limited is a significant example of good Human Resource Management (HRM). By the help of good Human Resource Management, the Singapore Airlines Limited Company has the aim to deliver steady and reliabl e service excellence, by marking out the HR practices which help the company to fulfill their goal. Recruiting is the first step of Human Resource Management (HRM) which is necessary to perform. Recruiting is human resource management process which is utilized for developing a large pool of qualified applicants those who are applied for jobs. For building up the pool of qualified applicants the Human Resource Management (HRM) department has to do and go through the following process such as job description, job analysis, and job specifications (Eskola, 2008). The HRM of Singapore Airlines Limited must have a clear idea about the people who are appropriate for that particular position of that vacant job. At the time of recruiting cabin crew in Singapore Airlines Limited, they have a requirement of age that should be minimum 18 years old, and they must be a citizen of Singapore (Sujatna, 2013). The female should have at least a height of 1.58m, and the male should have at least a heig ht of 1.65m. At the time of making job description of any job then they required mentioning the basic tasks, responsibilities and duties which are necessary for that particular employee. After the pool has been building up, the Human Resource Management starts to select a candidate from that particular (Fraud Risk Management, 2015). After recruitment, the selection process has been done. Selection is a process which is utilized for finding the appropriate or suitable candidate who can perform the particular job in better ways. When the selected candidates fulfill all the requirements, then the Singapore Airlines Limited will call them for an interview (Rumelt, 2011). The candidates who can crack the interview should pass on to the next stage that training. Strategic Management Singapore Airlines is provided as a premium carrier with the high class of excellent and innovations of service and it also made a strategic choice to give profitability to priority over the size (Mot de remerciements, 2013). This paper represents a continuous individual expansion and rigorous the service design which is the main asset of this issue is sustaining the positioning and the strategic management. Management Practices Singapore Airlines is the setter of a trend in the airline industry. The Singapore Airlines Limited incorporates various innovative strategies from the beginning (Pearson and Merkert, 2014). By the help of these strategies, the Singapore Airlines strengthen their company and support them for achieving success. For holding a successful position in the airline industry they should incorporate superior quality, efficiency, customer responsiveness and innovation of new strategies (Perry, 2008). Conclusion Singapore Airlines Ltd focused on the financial performance, human resource management and the strategic management of this company and the company became successful (Plant Disease Management Reports, 2011). At the corporate standard, Singapore Airlines Ltd maintains a strategy of related to the diversification. References AB311 strategic management. (2011). Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia. Aydin, R. and Morefield, R. (2010). Hub-And-Spoke Airlines Versus Low-Cost Airlines And Price Discrimination.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 8(5). Baxter, J. (2010).Airlines. Teddington, Richmond Upon Thames [England]: Key Note Ltd. Chell, E. (2015). Book review.Management Learning. Corrigendum. (2015).Journal of Management. Dodds, W. and Hunt, K. (2012). Legend Airlines: American Airlines Worst Nightmare?.Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 8(2), p.135. Escobari, D. (2012). Asymmetric Price Adjustments in Airlines.Managerial and Decision Economics, 34(2), pp.74-85. Eskola, S. (2008).Crisis management in crisis?. Helsinki: National Defence University. Fraud Risk Management. (2015).Journal of Business Management Economics. Mot de remerciements. (2013).Management international, 17, p.iv. Pearson, J. and Merkert, R. (2014). Airlines-within-airlines: A business model moving East.Journal of Air Transport Management, 38, pp.21-26. Perry, T. (2008). Spectral lines: Airlines: got fuel?.IEEE Spectr., 45(8), pp.9-9. Plant Disease Management Reports. (2011).Plant Disease Management Reports. Rumelt, R. (2011).Good strategy, bad strategy. New York: Crown Business. Sujatna, E. (2013). Mood System and Transitivity of the Airlines Slogan A Comparison of National and Regional Airlines.International Journal of English Linguistics, 3(3). Wernersson, L. (2015). Narrow gap nanowires: From nanotechnology to RF-circuits on Si.J. Appl. Phys., 117(11), p.112810. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2011).Advances in management accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2007).Financial accounting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Fess, P. (2005).Financial managerial accounting. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation

Introduction Overview The proposed study is about establishing new spatial plans for urban areas. Establishing new urban territories is important as they affect the living environments of various stakeholders. Often, the planning team, which undertakes the re-structuring of a city, cannot interact with all stakeholders (people and organizations) in order to assess and incorporate their diverse interests in the planning process (Healey, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, to develop plans that best meet the needs of all stakeholders, the project planners must involve and interact with stakeholders throughout the project planning process. The aim is to develop plans that reflect their interests and values, which may influence project performance. In the U.S. and many European countries such as the Netherlands, interactive planni ng is highly embraced in the initial stages of spatial planning (Tewdwr-Jones, 2003). It is believed that more interaction during the strategic planning process yields a high performance product. However, this assumption is not based on substantial empirical evidence as research on this area is scanty. Therefore, the impact of stakeholder interaction on product performance is less understood. The proposed research is an exploratory study that will investigate the relationships between stakeholder involvement during strategic spatial planning and performance of industrial area developments. It will explore the nature of the interactions between the planning team and various stakeholders. The study will be guided by the following research question: How does stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence the effectiveness of strategic spatial planning process? Statement of the Problem Strategic planning generally entails the identification of future actions in a regional or local urban area. A strategic plan takes into account the current and future conditions, which are based on predictions. Spatial planning structures should be flexible and long-term, and reflective of the changing environment as such structures consume high resources (Sartorio, 2005). Moreover, strategic spatial structures aim at improving the quality of life of the people. Thus, a strategic plan for urban development is essential for regional or local governments. As spatial development is influenced by many factors, it raises the question whether nowadays’ planning decisions are right based on the conditions of future spatial development. Regional and local development areas are increasingly becoming globalized and individuals now have more freedom of action. Moreover, there is little empirical evidence to support effective spatial planning. As a result, the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning seem largely uncertain. One way of achieving effective spatial planning is through stakeholder involvement during the planning process. Objective prognosis of the future can be achieved when various institutional and social players are involved. Moreover, through stakeholder engagement, various scenarios can be analyzed, which could help make the future more certain.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose The purpose of this project is to assess the impact of stakeholder involvement during spatial planning on product performance. This will form a sound basis for strategic spatial development in urban areas. To achieve this purpose, the study will examine different scenarios of stakeholder interaction and assess the degree to which the objectives of the projects were achieved. Strategic spatial planning is one way of improving urban planning and organization, and protecting existing ecosystems. How ever, there are claims of insufficient empirical evidence to support spatial planning objectives. It is anticipated that this project will provide empirical data that will inform stakeholders and policy makers on urban planning. Research Questions The main research question for this study is: Does stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence product performance? To answer this question, five minor research questions, which are related to the main research question, will be used. The supporting research questions include: What constitutes interactive planning in the urban planning process? What are the elements of an effective spatial planning process? How is the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning measured? Does stakeholder interaction during spatial planning process influence product performance? Does an in-depth analysis of scenarios enhance the effectiveness of spatial planning? Based on the answers to these que stions, it will be possible to identify the factors that contribute to the effective spatial planning. It will also be possible to determine whether stakeholder involvement in project planning leads to improved performance. Significance of the Study The proposed research will investigate the effect of stakeholder interaction on the effectiveness of a spatial plan. It is anticipated that the study’s findings will have a positive impact on the policies and land use legislations of regional and national governments. The UN postulates that in the next three decades, much of the world’s population will be living in the cities (Clinton, Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001). The rapid population growth in urban areas is placing immense pressure on available facilities and resources leading to a rise in urban poverty. This has become a big challenge to urban planners due to poor spatial planning policies. Empirical evidence su ggests that proper urban planning policies are essential for creating effective urban states, promoting development and attaining MDGs (Sartorio, 2005). However, a framework for incorporating the views of the diverse stakeholders (people, social agencies and political players) is largely lacking in many countries. This study aims to identify the factors that influence spatial planning and to provide a framework for stakeholder interaction during the planning process.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conceptual Framework From the literature review, spatial planning is an important tool for coping with the challenges of urban planning. Stakeholders (people and organizations) can be involved in the planning, evaluation and implementation phases of the urban spatial planning process. In the planning phase, the stakeholders would play a role in setting objectives and activities of the plans. During the evaluation and implementation phases, the stakeholders will participate in the choice of spatial plan options that best suit their interests. The conceptual framework is shown in figure 1 below. Summary of Methodology The proposed study is an exploratory research that examines the relationship between stakeholder engagement during spatial planning and product performance. Using a case study approach, the study will explore this relationship through an in-depth analysis of urban developments in the U.S. The case study approach will allow the researcher to assess the extent to which stakeholder interaction affect the performance of urban developments. This approach will give insights into the connection between interaction during planning and performance. It will yield in-depth knowledge on the impact of interaction on spatial planning. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Limitations of the Study This research will measure the per formance of spatial planning based on the level of stakeholder engagement in the planning process. This approach may differ from the other approaches adopted in similar studies since there is no standard methodology for measuring performance.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the findings may not entirely represent the dynamic relationships between performance and stakeholder involvement. Another potential limitation of this research relates to context. Often, the effectiveness of spatial planning depends on environmental factors that are specific to a particular site or case. Thus, context variable may limit the external validity of this study. Definition of Terms Strategy– Is defined as â€Å"the pattern or plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policies and action sequences into a cohesive whole† (Clinton, Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001, p. 8). Stakeholders– â€Å"Are those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist† (Callies, 2009, p. 91). Spatial planning– Is a modern approach for urban planning, which is regulated by regional and national governments of countries. Stakeholder interaction– refers to the degree of participation and influence of different stakeholders during the spatial planning process (Wilkinson et al., 2013). Research Design and Methodology Methodology The study is an exploratory study that aims to provide in-depth knowledge and analyses regarding the effectiveness of spatial planning in the United States. It uses the case study methodology to explore the relationships between stakeholder engagement and the effectiveness of a spatial plan. This approach is appropriate because it will satisfy contextual conditions associated with spatial planning studies. Faludi (2000) states that a case study approach is applicable in studies with the â€Å"how† or â€Å"why† research questions and involve events beyond the researcher’s control. Since the proposed study will involve cases in the U.S., experimental approaches may not be applicable as these exclude contextual issues. Therefore, in this research, multiple cases (5 research units) will be investig ated to generate in-depth knowledge regarding the relationship between effectiveness (spatial planning) and interaction (stakeholder). Thus, a representative sample of cases will be selected for this study. The researcher opted for a multiple case study instead of a single case study because of two reasons. First, multiple case studies can be generalized to similar settings or contexts (March, 2010). They argue that enhanced external validity does not mean more cases. Rather, adequate sampling that includes cases that are diverse can increase the external validity of a study’s findings. The second reason is to reduce researcher bias that may arise when the researcher selects a non-representative case for investigation. Multiple case studies also facilitate the comparison of similarities and differences among different cases, which helps strengthen the theoretical knowledge. Research Questions and Hypothesis As aforementioned, the main research question of this research is: Do es stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence product/process performance? Deriving from the main question are the minor research questions, which include: What constitutes interactive planning in the urban planning process? What are the elements of an effective spatial planning process? How is the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning measured? Does stakeholder interaction during spatial planning process influence product performance? Do in-depth analyses of scenarios enhance the effectiveness of spatial planning? The study will test the null hypothesis that stakeholder involvement has no impact on the performance of urban industrial areas. The findings of the study will shape the hypothesis for the study. Research Procedures The criteria for conducting a case study research involve standard procedures for data collection and analysis. This research will adopt the case study approach to explore the relationship be tween interaction and performance/effectiveness of spatial plans. The criteria consist of several steps, which will be described in the subsequent sections. Step 1: Defining the Research Questions In the first step, the main research question is stated in general terms. This facilitates systematic data collection. In this research, the main research question and minor questions have been defined. Based on the data the minor research questions will generate, it will be possible to identify the relationship between interactions during the spatial planning process (question 1) and the performance of spatial plans (question 4). Step 2: Inclusion Criteria Identifying the relevant cases to include in the study sample is the second step. As stated above, the study will involve five cases (research units), which will be strategically selected to enhance internal and external validity of the study’s findings. Five industrial areas will be selected from the U.S. based on the following inclusion criteria. First, since the study focuses on the impact of interaction on spatial plans’ performance, the contextual conditions have to be the same. Thus, only cases in the U.S. will be selected. Second, only cases currently in the plan-making stage of spatial planning will be selected. At this stage, the zoning plan is being formulated, which implies that the level of stakeholder interaction is comparatively high. Thus, cases at this stage will have different levels of stakeholder involvement. Step 3: Developing Data Collection Instruments and procedures This step focuses on the data collection instruments and procedures. One advantage of using a case study approach is that it allows for triangulation of methods. Triangulation is a research technique that generates a single outcome based on multiple sources of data (March, 2010). Thus, multiple case studies enhance the accuracy of the research findings since they involve multiple sources of information. The proposed research will use two data collection methods: (1) interviews (semi-structured) and; (2) analysis of secondary sources/documents. The interviews will involve semi-structured questions, which include both open-ended and specific/closed questions. The open-ended questions will probe the participant’s responses to the specific questions. Various stakeholders will be interviewed in a two-part interview, three months apart. Besides interviews, documents will be used as sources of data. Examples of documents that will be analyzed include zoning plans (drafts), newsletters and project plans. The researcher will also analyze the information provided in the municipalities’ websites and other city council databases. The researcher will use the data collected from these sources to describe the spatial characteristics and the effect of interaction on the performance of U.S. urban industrial areas. Step 4: Field Data Collection Albrechts (2004) states that, when analyzing spatial plans, the processes of data collection and data analysis should occur simultaneously. In this step, the researcher will collect data (respondents’ answers) during the interviews. Emerging issues or questions in the first interview will be probed further in the second interview. The data collected will be presented in tables to illustrate the underlying relationships. Step 5: Data Analysis In this step, data analysis for each case will take place. In this study, the five cases will be analyzed individually to determine if and whether there is a relationship between interaction and performance. The spatial characteristics of each case will be outlined based on the data obtained from zoning plans and project plans. Data analysis will also encompass the description of the main stakeholders for each case as well as their level of interaction. The findings from the first and second analysis will be further analyzed to determine the correlation between performance and interaction ( Mastop Faludi, 1997). The stakeholders participate in the spatial planning process and thus, are well-positioned to assess the process. The analysis will rely on the data collected from the stakeholders through the interviews. The interpretation of the findings will indicate the dynamic and static relationships between the two variables (performance and planning). Step 6: Cross-case Analysis After analyzing each case individually, the researcher will compare the different cases to identify the underlying relationships. In this step, the analysis will focus on the nature of the relationship (dynamic or static) between stakeholder participation and performance, the contextual factors in each case and the specific strategic planning factors in each case. Step 7: Hypothesis Testing Based on the findings of within-case and cross-case analyses, the hypothesis proposed above will be tested. These analyses will reveal the patterns and relationships between the variables (interaction and pe rformance). The emergent concepts and themes will be compared with literature to identify similarities or departures from similar studies. This will also contribute to the growth of knowledge on this topic. References Albrechts, L. (2004). Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(1), 743-758. Callies, D. (2009). Casenote legal briefs: Keyed to courses using Callies, Freilich, and Roberts’s land use. New York: Aspen Publishers. Clinton, H. (Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001). Integrating geology in urban planning: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Viet Nam. New York: United Nations. Faludi, A. (2000). The performance of spatial planning, Planning Practice Research, 15(4), 299-318. Healey, P. (2003). Collaborative planning in perspective. Planning Theory, 2(2), 101-123 . March, A. (2010). Practising theory: When theory affects urban planning. Planning Theory, 9(2), 108-125. Mastop, H., Faludi, A. (1997). Evaluation of strategic plans: The performance principle. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24(1), 815–832. Sartorio, S. (2005). Strategic spatial planning. DisP, 163(3), 26-40. Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2003). Creating and shaping places with purpose, vision and pride. International Planning Studies, 8(1), 3-8. Wilkinson, C., Saarne, D., Peterson, G., Colding, J. (2013). Strategic spatial planning and the ecosystem services concept -An historical exploration. Ecology and Society, 18(1), 37-38. This proposal on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Battle of Cape Esperance at Guadalcanal

Battle of Cape Esperance at Guadalcanal The Battle of Cape Esperance took place the night of October 11/12, 1942. It was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. Background In early August 1942, Allied forces landed on Guadalcanal and succeeded in capturing an airfield that the Japanese were building. Dubbed Henderson Field, Allied aircraft operating from the Guadalcanal soon dominated the sea lanes around the island during daylight hours. As a result, the Japanese were forced to deliver reinforcements to the island at night using destroyers rather than larger, slower troop transports. Dubbed the Tokyo Express by the Allies, Japanese warships would depart bases in the Shortland Islands and make the run to Guadalcanal and back in a single night. In early October, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa planned a major reinforcement convoy for Guadalcanal. Led by Rear Admiral Takatsugu Jojima, the force consisted of six destroyers and two seaplane tenders. In addition, Mikawa ordered Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto to lead a force of three cruisers and two destroyers with orders to shell Henderson Field while Jojimas ships delivered their troops. Departing the Shortlands early on October 11, both forces proceeded down The Slot towards Guadalcanal. While the Japanese were planning their operations, the Allies made plans to reinforce the island as well. Moving to Contact Departing New Caledonia on October 8, ships carrying the US 164th Infantry moved north towards Guadalcanal. To screen this convoy, Vice Admiral Robert Ghormley assigned Task Force 64, commanded by Rear Admiral Norman Hall, to operate near the island. Consisting of the cruisers USS San Francisco, USS Boise, USS Helena, and USS Salt Lake City, TF64 also included the destroyers USS Farenholt, USS Duncan, USS Buchanan, USS McCalla, and USS Laffey. Initially taking station off Rennell Island, Hall moved north on the 11th after receiving reports that Japanese ships had been sited in The Slot. With the fleets in motion, Japanese aircraft attacked Henderson Field during the day, with the goal of preventing Allied aircraft from locating and attacking Jojimas ships. As he moved north, Hall, aware that the Americans had faired badly in previous night battles with the Japanese, crafted a simple battle plan. Ordering his ships to form a column with destroyers at the head and rear, he instructed them to illuminate any targets with their searchlights so that the cruisers could fire accurately. Hall also informed his captains that they were open fire when the enemy was sited rather than waiting for orders. Battle Joined Approaching Cape Hunter on the northwest corner of Guadalcanal, Hall, flying his flag from San Francisco, ordered his cruisers to launch their floatplanes at 10:00 PM. An hour later, San Franciscos floatplane sighted Jojimas force off of Guadalcanal. Expecting more Japanese ships to be sighted, Hall maintained his course northeast, passing to the west of Savo Island. Reversing course at 11:30, some confusion led to the three lead destroyers (Farenholt, Duncan, and Laffey) being out of position. About this time, Gotos ships began appearing on the American radars. Initially believing these contacts to be the out of position destroyers, Hall took no action. As Farenholt and Laffey accelerated to reassume their proper positions, Duncan moved to attack the approaching Japanese ships. At 11:45, Gotos ships were visible to the American lookouts and Helena radioed asking permission to open fire using the general procedure request, Interrogatory Roger (meaning are we clear to act). Hall responded in the affirmative, and his surprise the entire American line opened fire. Aboard his flagship, Aoba, Goto was taken by complete surprise. Over the next few minutes, Aoba was hit more than 40 times by Helena, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Farenholt, and Laffey. Burning, with many of its guns out of action and Goto dead, Aoba turned to disengage. At 11:47, concerned that he was firing on his own ships, Hall ordered a cease-fire and asked his destroyers to confirm their positions. This done, the American ships resumed firing at 11:51 and pummeled the cruiser Furutaka. Burning from a hit to its torpedo tubes, Furutaka lost power after taking a torpedo from Buchanan. While the cruiser was burning, the Americans shifted their fire to the destroyer Fubuki sinking it. As the battle raged, the cruiser Kinugasa and destroyer Hatsuyuki turned away and missed the brunt of the American attack. Pursuing the fleeing Japanese ships, Boise was nearly hit by torpedoes from Kinugasa at 12:06 AM. Turning on their searchlights to illuminate the Japanese cruiser, Boise and Salt Lake City immediately took fire, with the former taking a hit to its magazine. At 12:20, with the Japanese retreating and his ships disorganized, Hall broke off the action. Later that night, Furutaka sank as a result of battle damage, and Duncan was lost to raging fires. Learning of the bombardment forces crisis, Jojima detached four destroyers to its aid after disembarking his troops. The next day, two of these, Murakumo and Shirayuki, were sunk by aircraft from Henderson Field. Aftermath The Battle of Cape Esperance cost Hall the destroyer Duncan and 163 killed. In addition, Boise and Farenholt were badly damaged. For the Japanese, losses included a cruiser and three destroyers, as well as 341–454 killed. Also, Aoba was badly damaged and out of action until February 1943. The Battle of Cape Esperance was the first Allied triumph over the Japanese in a night battle. A tactical victory for Hall, the engagement had little strategic significance as Jojima was able to deliver his troops. In assessing the battle, many of the American officers felt that chance had played a key role in allowing them to surprise the Japanese. This luck would not hold, and Allied naval forces were badly defeated on November 20, 1942, at the nearby Battle of Tassafaronga. Selected Sources US Naval Historical Center: Battle of Cape EsperanceOrder of Battle: Battle of Cape Esperance

Ethical architecture Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical architecture - Literature review Example Thomas Fisher, a professor in College of Design at USA mentions in his book ‘Architectural Design and Ethics’ that this concept offers a theoretical foundation including suggestions to the students of architecture as well as those related to this field as professionals. The concept of ethical architecture demonstrates ideas that make us rethink all those responsibilities that will further assist in designing more sustainable plans for ourselves. Fisher further clarifies the fact that today’s human being is living in a dynamic world where several exponential curves related growth can be seen like the diversion in global population, the gap between rich and poor, the growing demand of limited resources etc. So, keeping in mind all those realities, Fisher, put forward a hypothesis related to architecture and ethics and further explores that buildings can also do a great deal of work and can give moral and social dimensions. He also demonstrates the ideas through whic h architects can make more appealing buildings and will definitely nurture sustainability in the field of architecture development. Architecture and Ethics While representing the idea of architecture and ethics, Graham Owen depicts that ethics play a great role in architectural schools. Ethics are basically, related with the relations among architects, the clients as well as the society. These relations are formally codified and formulated by the governing organizations. However, it is a fact that, most often, less attention is paid to this corner. Usually it is overlooked how various ethics between architects and society can be generated and altered efficiently. Graham Owen further mentions the idea that ethical concerns in architecture sometimes become more controversial and crucial because of the religious beliefs. He mentions the quote of a famous architect, Elizabeth Schmidt who said that, â€Å"While of course everyone believes in good ethics, the problem with it as a pedagog ical principle is that it smacks of nineteenth- century moralism and therefore of religiously based instruction, I firmly believe in the separation of church and state.† (Owen, 2009. Pp: 3) From the above mentioned concept of Schmidt, it can be judged that to understand and learn ethics in the school of architecture is just to incorporate particular interpretations of ethics. Whereas an alternate approach defines ethics as the language of values and morals. Ethics do not relate with someone’s particular morals. However, later approaches shoe that ethics can better hold up professionalism and advancement in any particular field which might be education and architecture. In urban dwelling, especially schools of designs, designing and building complexities are basically focused along with the ethics of creative and technological progress. Ethical Function of Architecture: In addition to previous concepts, Karsten Harries further mentioned that architecture always performs an ethical function or have moral approach. For example a functional building with beautiful and appealing architecture will obviously render a beautiful impact and image in the mind of observers. So, this will depict the power of beauty as well. A building with rich architecture and ethical consideration will definitely leave long lasting image in the minds of observers. When we talk about the evolution of human being, we can see that human were first emerged as wild beasts with long bears, hair on their bodies, in woods living in cages and live along with fire. Later on time got changed and went on and on. People started changing their life style and became more and more civilized. They started learning various arts and ethics to pass better life. And these arts jointly give rise to ethical considerations and evolution of cities and cultures. Harries further elaborated several examples to clarify that buildings offer functional approach and provide a complete way to life to human as well as animals. Dwellings not only serve but